The Effect of a Life-Style Intervention Program of Diet and Exercise on Irisin and FGF-21 Concentrations in Children and Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity

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The Effect of a Life-Style Intervention Program of Diet and Exercise on Irisin and FGF-21 Concentrations in Children and Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity

Nutrients 2021, 13(4), 1274; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041274

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/4/1274

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Article

The Effect of a Life-Style Intervention Program of Diet and Exercise on Irisin and FGF-21 Concentrations in Children and Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity

Sofia I. Karampatsou 1, Sofia M. Genitsaridi 1, Athanasios Michos 2, Eleni Kourkouni 3, Georgia Kourlaba 3, Penio Kassari 1 , Yannis Manios 4 and Evangelia Charmandari 1,5,*

1 Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; karampatsousi@gmail.com (S.I.K.); sgenitsaridi@gmail.com (S.M.G.); peniokassari@gmail.com (P.K.)

2 Division of Infectious Diseases, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; athanmic@yahoo.com

3 Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), 11528 Athens, Greece; e.kourkouni@cleoresearch.org (E.K.); kurlaba@gmail.com (G.K.)

4 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece; manios@hua.gr

5 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece

* Correspondence: evangelia.charmandari@googlemail.com; Tel.: +30-21-3201-3384

Abstract: Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence represent major public health problems of our century, and account for increased morbidity and mortality in adult life. Irisin and Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF-21) have been proposed as prognostic and/or diagnostic biomarkers in subjects with obesity and metabolic syndrome, because they increase earlier than other traditional biomarkers. We determined the concentrations of Irisin and FGF-21 in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity before and after one year of a life-style intervention program of diet and physical exercise and explored the impact of body mass index (BMI) reduction on the concentrations of Irisin, FGF-21 and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Three hundred and ten (n = 310) children and adolescents (mean age ± SD: 10.5 ± 2.9 years) were studied prospectively. Following one year of the life-style intervention program, there was a significant decrease in BMI (p = 0.001), waist-to-hip ratio (p = 0.024), waist-to-height ratio (p = 0.024), and Irisin concentrations (p = 0.001), and an improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors. There was no alteration in FGF-21 concentrations. These findings indicate that Irisin concentrations decreased significantly as a result of BMI reduction in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Further studies are required to investigate the potential role of Irisin as a biomarker for monitoring the response to lifestyle interventions and for predicting the development of cardiometabolic risk factors.

Keywords: irisin; FGF-21; overweight; obesity; childhood; adolescence

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