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The Role of Hypothalamic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obesity and Its Association with Cognitive and Mood Disorders
Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 498; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020498
Review
The Role of Hypothalamic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obesity and Its Association with Cognitive and Mood Disorders
Sofia Dionysopoulou 1, Evangelia Charmandari 2,3 , Alexandra Bargiota 4, Nikolaos F Vlahos 5, George Mastorakos 6 and Georgios Valsamakis 4,6,*
1 Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Hippocratio‘General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; sofiadion88@gmail.com
2 Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; evangelia.charmandari@googlemail.com
3 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
4 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Larisa, Medical School of Larisa, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larisa, Greece; abargio@yahoo.gr
5 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Areteion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; nfvlahos@gmail.com
6 Endocrine Unit, Areteion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; mastorakg@gmail.com
* Correspondence: gedvalsamakis@yahoo.com; Tel.: +30-694-889-3274
Received: 31 December 2020 / Revised: 24 January 2021 / Accepted: 30 January 2021 / Published: 3 February 2021
Abstract: Obesity is often associated with cognitive and mood disorders. Recent evidence suggests that obesity may cause hypothalamic inflammation. Our aim was to investigate the hypothesis that there is a causal link between obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation and cognitive and mood disorders. Inflammation may influence hypothalamic inter-connections with regions important for cognition and mood, while it may cause dysregulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and influence monoaminergic systems. Exercise, healthy diet, and glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists, which can reduce hypothalamic inflammation in obese models, could improve the deleterious effects on cognition and mood.
Keywords: diet; obesity; hypothalamic inflammation; cognitive disorders; mood disorders; depression; dementia